The most common cause of jaw pain is a group of conditions called temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). These disorders can lead to ongoing or repeated pain and difficulty moving the jaw, affecting the joint, nearby muscles, and supporting tissues. In addition, TMDs can occur alone, or with other medical conditions such as migraines, back pain, sleep problems, fibromyalgia, arthritis, and irritable bowel syndrome. While research on TMDs is ongoing, larger nationwide longitudinal studies are needed to better understand TMDs and how they affect people.